Python Built-in Functions

1. abs(n) - Returns the absolute value of a number. The argument may be an integer or a floating point number. If the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned.
   Example:

   print(abs(5))
   print(abs(-5.23))
   print(abs(-5+6j))

   Output:

   5
   5.23
   7.810249675906654

2. all(iterable) - Return True if all elements of the iterable are true or if the iterable is empty. Otherwise, return False.
   Example:

   print(all([1,2,3]))
   print(all([1,2,0,3]))
   print(all([]))

   Output

   True
   False
   True

3. any(iterable) - Return True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, return False.
   Example:

   print(any([1,2,3,0]))
   print(any([]))

   Output:

   True
   False

4. ascii(object) - Returns a readable version of an object. Replaces none-ascii characters with escape character.
   Example:

   str1 = ascii("I'm Govardhan")
   str2 = ascii("I'm Govårdhan")
   print(str1)
   print(str2)

   Output:

   "I'm Govardhan"
   "I'm Gov\xe5rdhan"

5. bin(n) - Returns a binary version of a given number.
   Example:

   binary = bin(9)
   print(binary)

   Output:

   0b1001

6. bool(object) - Returns the boolean value of given object.
   Example:

   print(bool(1))
   print(bool(0))
   print(bool(-1))
   print(bool(''))
   print(bool('A'))
   print(bool(None))

   Output:

   True
   False
   True
   False
   True
   False

7. callabel(object) - Returns True if specified object is callabel, otherwise it returns False.
   Example:

   def fun():
       n = 9
   
   print(callabel(fun))

   Output:

   True

8. chr(n) - Returns the character that represents the specified Unicode.
   Example:

   print(chr(71))

   Output:

   G

9. complex(real,imaginary) - Returns a complex number by specifying a real number and an imaginary number.
   Example:

   print(complex(9, 7))

   Output:

   (9+7j)

10. dict(keyword arguments) - Used to create a dictionary.
    Example:

    details = dict(name = "Govardhan", age = 33, country = "India")
    print(details)

    Output:

    {'name': 'Govardhan', 'age': 33, 'country': 'India'}

11. divmod(divident, divisor) - returns a tuple containing the quotient and the remainder when argument1 (divident) is divided by argument2 (divisor).
    Example:

    qr = divmod(5, 3)
    print(qr)

    Output:

    (1, 2)

12. enumerate(iterable, start) - Takes a collection and returns it as an enumerate object. Default start value is 0(zero).
    Example:

    x = ['C', 'Java', 'Python']
    y = enumerate(x,11)
    print(list(y))

    Output:

    [(11, 'C'), (12, 'Java'), (13, 'Python')]

13. eval(expression) - Which is to evaluates the specified expression, if the expression is legal python statement.
    Note: expression must be in string format.
    Example:

    print(eval('10+5'))

    Output:

    15

14. float(value) - Converts a specified value into a floating point number.
    Example:

    f1 = float(3)
    f2 = float('3.14')
    print(f1)
    print(f2)

    Output:

    3.0
    3.14

15. hex(number) - Converts the specified number into a hexadecimal value.
    Example:

    hexanumber = hex(255)
    print(hexanumber)

    Output:

    0xff

16. id(object) - Returns a unique id for the specified object, which is nothing but object's memory address and will be different for each time you run the program.
    Example:

    x = 5
    y = 'Hello'
    print(id(x))
    print(id(y))

    Output:

    9079136
    47472264951600

17. int(value) - Converts the specified value into an integer number. Example:

    n1 = int(3.5)
    n2 = int('12')
    print(n1)
    print(n2)

    Output:

    3
    12

18. isinstance(object, type) - Returns True if the specified object is of the specified type, otherwise False.
    Example:

    b1 = isinstance("Hello", (str, int, float))
    b2 = isinstance("Hello", (int,float))
    print(b1)
    print(b2)

    Output:

    True
    False

19. len(object) - Returns number of items in an object.
    Example:

    lang = "python"
    print(len(lang))

    Output:

    6

20. locals() - Returns a symbol table which contains necessary information about current program as a dictionary.
    Example:

    print(locals())

    Output:

    {'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__package__': None, '__loader__': , '__spec__': None, '__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': }

21. map(function, iterables) - executes a specified function for each item in a iterable.
    Example:

    def languages(lang):
        return len(lang)
    
    lang = map(languages, ('C', 'Java', 'Python'))
    print(lang)
    print(list(lang))

    Output:

    <map object at 0x2b98d1c74eb8>
    [1, 4, 6]

22. max(n1,n2,n3,...) - Returns item with the highest value.
    Example:

    lang = max('C','Java','Python')
    print(lang)

    Output:

    Python

23. min(n1,n2,n3,...) - Returns item with the highest value.
    Example:

    lang = max('C','Java','Python')
    print(lang)

    Output:

    C

24. oct(int) - Converts an integer into octal string.
    Example:

    octStr = oct(19)
    print(octStr)

    Output:

    0o23

25. ord(character) - Returns the unicode code of a specified character.
    Example:

    unicode = ord("A")
    print(unicode)

    Output:

    65

26. reversed(sequence) - Returns a reversed iterator object.
    Example:

    lang = "Python"
    rev = reversed(lang)
    for ch in rev:
        print(ch,end="")

    Output:

    nohtyP